In the Europe of the low middle ages was a century of crisis; in the field of ideas is already seen Renaissance and modernity with anthropocentric ideas against the previous theocentrism. A symbol of this confrontation was the controversial English philosopher Guillermo de Ockham, called to order from the papal seat in Avignon from which fled to Germany after years of futile waiting. In the institutional field began to confront the two powers traditionally United: religious power and the civil, the Church and the State, while each one in particular suffered from its internal crisis: the Church had three Popes and statewide feudal nobles lost power in favour of the monarchy with the social unrest that began and the wars which lost seeing castles left be impregnable against gunpowder for cannons. And if small imbalances in all, the black death killed a third of Europe's population.
