It may mean relative to Lampedusa, an Italian island in the Mediterranean (in the Pelagia archipelago). A native of Lampedusa. It may also be relative to Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Duke of Montichiaro, a twentieth-century Italian writer. He emphasized in his writings the cynicism of the adherents of the Ancien Régime, after the unifying and revolutionary triumph of Italy. This adjective is also synonymous with gatopardismo or gatopardista.
