The upwelling leads to the surface more rich in mineral salts 40 subsurface water; nitrates, phosphates and silicates ) essential for phytoplankton and productivity based on photosynthesis. This phenomenon occurs in an area of 1,500 km long and 60 km wide, with a surface area of approximately 85,000 km2.The factors that produce the outcrop there are several and act in conjunto:· Local winds ( mar-tierra and tierra-mar ) push and away from bodies of water, promoting vertical.· circulation The tangential wind action on the surface of the sea, which produces the same effect anterior.· The effects between temperature and content of salt water ( effects 41 termohalinos; are origin of type vertical water movements. The cooler waters, which are heavier, go to the bottom, and more saline waters are exchanged with the less saladas.· Coastal topography, direction changes against which the Peruvian current collides with peninsulas, and the swirling of water, produce vertical movements and afloramientos.· The internal low frequency waves of water, i.e. remolinos spiral, as a result of the previous causes.For photosynthetic activity and productivity of the sea, the key nutrients are salts of phosphorous ( 41 phosphates; nitrogen ( nitrate and nitrates ) and Silicon ( 41 silicates;. Phosphorus and nitrogen compounds are of extreme importance for all living beings. Silicon are very important for diatoms and Radiolaria, and plankton, who concentrated the silicates to form their solid structures ( shells, shells ).
