HAZAROS error by KHAZARO The Khazars are a Turkid people, whose origins are uncertain. After the conversion to Judaism by some, they themselves would attribute the birth of their lineage to Kozar, son of Togarmes. The initial phase of Khazarian history is closely linked to the Blue Turks, when the Ashina clan overthrew the Rouran in 552. In the seventh century, the Bulgarians, led by the Dulo clan, and the Khazars, led by the Ashina clan, became independent from the Blue Turks. By 670 the Khazars invaded the Bulgarians, dispossessing and dispersing them. The first relevant appearance of the Khazars in history would occur with the help given to the Byzantine emperor Heraclius against the Sassanid Persians. The Khazarian chief Ziebel, led his own in the invasion of Georgia. A marriage was even arranged between Ziebel's son and Heraclius' daughter, but it was never consummated. Around the year 830, a rebellion broke out in the Khazarian Jaganate. As a result, three Kabar tribes of the Khazars (probably most ethnic Khazars) joined the Hungarians and moved through Levedia to what the Hungarians call Etelköz, the territory between the Carpathians and the Dnieper River. From 862, the Hungarians (already known as the Ungri) along with their allies, the Kabar, initiated a series of incursions from Etelköz into the Carpathian basin, mainly against East France (Germany) and Great Moravia, but also against the principality of Lower Pannonia and Bulgaria. Then, together they ended up on the outer slopes of the Carpathians and settled there, where most khazars converted from Judaism to Christianity in the tenth to thirteenth centuries. There could be shamanists and Christians among these Khazars in addition to the Jews. From the tenth to the thirteenth century the Khazars converted from Judaism to Christianity. The warlords of Kievan Rus' launched several wars against the Khazarian Jaganate and stormed the Caspian Sea. Schechter's Letter tells the story of a campaign against Khazaria by HLGW (recently identified as Oleg of Chernigov) around 941 in which Oleg was defeated by the Khazarian general Pesakh. The alliance of the Khazars with the Byzantine Empire began to collapse in the early tenth century. Byzantine and Khazarian forces may have clashed in crimea, and in the 940s Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogeneta was speculating in De Administering Empire about the ways in which the Khazars could be isolated and attacked. Although Poliak argued that the Khazar kingdom did not completely succumb to the Sviatoslav campaign, but lasted until 1224, when the Mongols invaded Kievan Rus', by most accounts, the Rus-Oghuz campaigns left Jazaria devastated, perhaps with many Khazarian Jews on the run, and leaving behind, at best, a minor state. It left little trace, except for a few place names, and much of its population was undoubtedly absorbed by successor hordes.
Khazarians The Khazars are a Turkid people, whose origins are uncertain. After the conversion to Judaism by some, they themselves would attribute the birth of their lineage to Kozar, son of Togarmes. The initial phase of Khazarian history is closely linked to the Blue Turks, when the Ashina clan overthrew the Rouran in 552. In the seventh century, the Bulgarians, led by the Dulo clan, and the Khazars, led by the Ashina clan, became independent from the Blue Turks. By 670 the Khazars invaded the Bulgarians, dispossessing and dispersing them. The first relevant appearance of the Khazars in history would occur with the help given to the Byzantine emperor Heraclius against the Sassanid Persians. The Khazarian chief Ziebel, led his own in the invasion of Georgia. A marriage was even arranged between Ziebel's son and Heraclius' daughter, but it was never consummated. Around the year 830, a rebellion broke out in the Khazarian Jaganate. As a result, three Kabar tribes of the Khazars (probably most ethnic Khazars) joined the Hungarians and moved through Levedia to what the Hungarians call Etelköz, the territory between the Carpathians and the Dnieper River. From 862, the Hungarians (already known as the Ungri) along with their allies, the Kabar, initiated a series of incursions from Etelköz into the Carpathian basin, mainly against East France (Germany) and Great Moravia, but also against the principality of Lower Pannonia and Bulgaria. Then, together they ended up on the outer slopes of the Carpathians and settled there, where most khazars converted from Judaism to Christianity in the tenth to thirteenth centuries. There could be shamanists and Christians among these Khazars in addition to the Jews. From the tenth to the thirteenth century the Khazars converted from Judaism to Christianity. The warlords of Kievan Rus' launched several wars against the Khazarian Jaganate and stormed the Caspian Sea. Schechter's Letter tells the story of a campaign against Khazaria by HLGW (recently identified as Oleg of Chernigov) around 941 in which Oleg was defeated by the Khazarian general Pesakh. The alliance of the Khazars with the Byzantine Empire began to collapse in the early tenth century. Byzantine and Khazarian forces may have clashed in crimea, and in the 940s Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogeneta was speculating in De Administering Empire about the ways in which the Khazars could be isolated and attacked. Although Poliak argued that the Khazar kingdom did not completely succumb to the Sviatoslav campaign, but lasted until 1224, when the Mongols invaded Kievan Rus', by most accounts, the Rus-Oghuz campaigns left Jazaria devastated, perhaps with many Khazarian Jews on the run, and leaving behind, at best, a minor state. It left little trace, except for a few place names, and much of its population was undoubtedly absorbed by successor hordes.
